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Day Labour, the International Day of Solidarity of Working People, commonly known as May 1 - an international celebration of the working class, celebrated annually since 1890 on May 1. In Poland, on May 1 declared a public holiday public holiday.
introduced in 1889, Day II International to commemorate the events that took place in early May 1886 in Chicago, in the United States during the strike as part of a nationwide campaign to introduce an 8-hour working day.
situation was tense in Chicago a few years before the events of 1886. Terrible working conditions, low wages and work twelve hours a day was standard. In addition, anti-capitalist sentiments were fueled by radical effectively in the opinion of local businessmen, among others fighting agitators the eight-hour working day. One such business was one business leader McCormick McCormick Harvester Co.. As a result of the attempt to modernize the plant, which would exempt a large number of employees of its relations with the unions are not arranged very well. This led to strikes by workers as a result of which, the owner of the factory was forced to take radical concessions. Not But it took too long. Already in February 1886, he made an exemption for all employees. In their place a completely new cadre called the security guard had several dozen bodyguards.
offensive Union activists went on the offensive quickly. They began preparations for the demonstrations, announced the first of May. Its aim was to Fight hour working day. At the head of the demonstration was Albert Parsons - unionist, anarchokomunista, telling also include for black equality. Despite fears of many people march passed without bloodshed. There were participation of more than tens of thousands of people.
for further offensives launched another unionist who was born in Germany, an anarchist August Spies, editor of the magazine of the Staff, "Arbeiter-Zeitung. May he organized a rally in the third course, which was withdrawn from a fight between the new McCormick plant workers and demonstrators. More than two hundred police intervened using revolvers and batons. It is difficult to determine the exact number of casualties. According to various sources, died from two to five workers, about six have been seriously shot, Many people were beaten. Spies appalled at the brutality of the police, appealed to the workers that you showed up at the demonstration the next day.
So prepared by Spies, Samuel Fielden and Parson took place in Haymarket Square. Has been generally without excesses. Present at the demonstration Mayor Carter Harrison of Chicago, later claimed that there were no indications that the police will have to intervene. At the end of Fielden's speech as a result of heavy rainfall in the square remained only about 200 people. Suddenly, for unknown reasons, 180 police officers led by Captain John Bienfielda moved to attack the demonstrators. Fielden has not helped to ensure that the demonstration is peaceful.
Moments later, was flat in the direction of the Police bomb. At one point the officer was killed, a dozen were injured. In response, the policemen opened fire on demonstrators. Do not know the number of dead workers. She had, however, be considerable, since the chaos that prevailed in the square, many policemen have been shot by their colleagues.
The perpetrators of the riots a result of these incidents came to the harsh repression against trade union activists. Mass arrests and searches became a standard. Banned mass meetings and demonstrations. All these activities were heavily fueled by the right wing and close an establishment of the Chicago newspapers. Ultimately, the court faced eight people. The three main organizers of the May rally and the five trade unionists who have not participated in the rally!
trial began on June 21, 1886. All were accused of killing a policeman who was killed on the spot by the explosion. No one suspected that in the absence of any evidence of guilt of the accused, they may be punished so severely. Seven people were sentenced to death. November 11, 1887, they were hanged.
Parsons, Engel, Spies and Fischer. A day earlier in a cell suicide Luis Lingg. The others have benefited from the law of grace, and left after 7 years in prison. Contributed to the campaign conducted by the labor movement, by which the judgments were void. Currently, historians suspect that the bomb was thrown by a police agent working with captain John Bienfieldem.
significance of events in Chicago for the subsequent communist movement, three years after the tragic events, which in 1889 recognized the Second International May 1 Feast Work. The idea was thus to appreciate the dedication to the cause of the many sacrifices that occur as a result of the labor movement has suffered.
the Polish lands, the first celebration took place early in 1890 and held against their will in many cases co-organized invaders min. by the activists of Social-Revolutionary Party Proletariat. The mass demonstrations, marches and clashes with the tsarist army, police and Cossacks as well as supporting them, nationalist militias took place during the revolution of 1905 in the Polish territories annexed by Russia, organize it mainly Polish Socialist Party, Social Democracy of the Polish Kingdom and Lithuania and BUND. Similarly, a number of marches and demonstrations class workers' organizations and leftist parties, including the Polish Socialist Party, the Jewish Bund, illegal Polish Communist Party, the Polish Peasant Party "Liberation", the Communist Party of Western Ukraine, Western Belarus Communist Party also held on that day in the period Second Republic, they were often attacked by the police and nationalist militants, there have to murder trade union activists class and leftist parties. After the war, the communist government controlled by the Soviet Union on May 1, gave the status of a public holiday, free from work and this state continues to the present.
celebrations in the years 1945-1989 on May 1 was accompanied by extensive propaganda binding. Participation in the parades was indiscriminate (though there was a lot of pressure at workplaces and schools to participate), presented to them to make domestic production and password of political content, the commitments undertaken. Ceremonies chaired the central party and state authorities in Warsaw and in other local cities. Since 1983, organized illegal demonstrations such as left-wing Solidarity Inter-Committee of the Workers' Solidarity Group Political Worker, the Polish Socialist Party, Poland Socialist Party-Democratic Revolution, the Revolutionary Left trend. In the third rank of sacred RP has changed, although organized (spontaneous and below), parades did not disappear by focusing on the struggle for the rights of workers, victims of collective redundancies, the unemployed, tenant tenement houses, the homeless, the excluded, etc.
introduced in 1889, Day II International to commemorate the events that took place in early May 1886 in Chicago, in the United States during the strike as part of a nationwide campaign to introduce an 8-hour working day.
situation was tense in Chicago a few years before the events of 1886. Terrible working conditions, low wages and work twelve hours a day was standard. In addition, anti-capitalist sentiments were fueled by radical effectively in the opinion of local businessmen, among others fighting agitators the eight-hour working day. One such business was one business leader McCormick McCormick Harvester Co.. As a result of the attempt to modernize the plant, which would exempt a large number of employees of its relations with the unions are not arranged very well. This led to strikes by workers as a result of which, the owner of the factory was forced to take radical concessions. Not But it took too long. Already in February 1886, he made an exemption for all employees. In their place a completely new cadre called the security guard had several dozen bodyguards.
offensive Union activists went on the offensive quickly. They began preparations for the demonstrations, announced the first of May. Its aim was to Fight hour working day. At the head of the demonstration was Albert Parsons - unionist, anarchokomunista, telling also include for black equality. Despite fears of many people march passed without bloodshed. There were participation of more than tens of thousands of people.
for further offensives launched another unionist who was born in Germany, an anarchist August Spies, editor of the magazine of the Staff, "Arbeiter-Zeitung. May he organized a rally in the third course, which was withdrawn from a fight between the new McCormick plant workers and demonstrators. More than two hundred police intervened using revolvers and batons. It is difficult to determine the exact number of casualties. According to various sources, died from two to five workers, about six have been seriously shot, Many people were beaten. Spies appalled at the brutality of the police, appealed to the workers that you showed up at the demonstration the next day.
So prepared by Spies, Samuel Fielden and Parson took place in Haymarket Square. Has been generally without excesses. Present at the demonstration Mayor Carter Harrison of Chicago, later claimed that there were no indications that the police will have to intervene. At the end of Fielden's speech as a result of heavy rainfall in the square remained only about 200 people. Suddenly, for unknown reasons, 180 police officers led by Captain John Bienfielda moved to attack the demonstrators. Fielden has not helped to ensure that the demonstration is peaceful.
Moments later, was flat in the direction of the Police bomb. At one point the officer was killed, a dozen were injured. In response, the policemen opened fire on demonstrators. Do not know the number of dead workers. She had, however, be considerable, since the chaos that prevailed in the square, many policemen have been shot by their colleagues.
The perpetrators of the riots a result of these incidents came to the harsh repression against trade union activists. Mass arrests and searches became a standard. Banned mass meetings and demonstrations. All these activities were heavily fueled by the right wing and close an establishment of the Chicago newspapers. Ultimately, the court faced eight people. The three main organizers of the May rally and the five trade unionists who have not participated in the rally!
trial began on June 21, 1886. All were accused of killing a policeman who was killed on the spot by the explosion. No one suspected that in the absence of any evidence of guilt of the accused, they may be punished so severely. Seven people were sentenced to death. November 11, 1887, they were hanged.
Parsons, Engel, Spies and Fischer. A day earlier in a cell suicide Luis Lingg. The others have benefited from the law of grace, and left after 7 years in prison. Contributed to the campaign conducted by the labor movement, by which the judgments were void. Currently, historians suspect that the bomb was thrown by a police agent working with captain John Bienfieldem.
significance of events in Chicago for the subsequent communist movement, three years after the tragic events, which in 1889 recognized the Second International May 1 Feast Work. The idea was thus to appreciate the dedication to the cause of the many sacrifices that occur as a result of the labor movement has suffered.
the Polish lands, the first celebration took place early in 1890 and held against their will in many cases co-organized invaders min. by the activists of Social-Revolutionary Party Proletariat. The mass demonstrations, marches and clashes with the tsarist army, police and Cossacks as well as supporting them, nationalist militias took place during the revolution of 1905 in the Polish territories annexed by Russia, organize it mainly Polish Socialist Party, Social Democracy of the Polish Kingdom and Lithuania and BUND. Similarly, a number of marches and demonstrations class workers' organizations and leftist parties, including the Polish Socialist Party, the Jewish Bund, illegal Polish Communist Party, the Polish Peasant Party "Liberation", the Communist Party of Western Ukraine, Western Belarus Communist Party also held on that day in the period Second Republic, they were often attacked by the police and nationalist militants, there have to murder trade union activists class and leftist parties. After the war, the communist government controlled by the Soviet Union on May 1, gave the status of a public holiday, free from work and this state continues to the present.
celebrations in the years 1945-1989 on May 1 was accompanied by extensive propaganda binding. Participation in the parades was indiscriminate (though there was a lot of pressure at workplaces and schools to participate), presented to them to make domestic production and password of political content, the commitments undertaken. Ceremonies chaired the central party and state authorities in Warsaw and in other local cities. Since 1983, organized illegal demonstrations such as left-wing Solidarity Inter-Committee of the Workers' Solidarity Group Political Worker, the Polish Socialist Party, Poland Socialist Party-Democratic Revolution, the Revolutionary Left trend. In the third rank of sacred RP has changed, although organized (spontaneous and below), parades did not disappear by focusing on the struggle for the rights of workers, victims of collective redundancies, the unemployed, tenant tenement houses, the homeless, the excluded, etc.
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Source: wikipedia.pl
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